The purpose of this project was to incriminate the vectors and improve our understanding of bovine trpanosomiasis, and provide information that could be used to improve disease control. In a study focused on a smallholder farm in Bolivia, tabanid flies were incriminated as the most likely vectors of bovine trypanosomiasis, and therefore control regimes based on established fly avoidance techniques could result in a significant reduction in the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma vivax.