This paper examines the case of smallholder poultry production and adjustments arising from the risk of HPAI infection in Viet Nam. We consider how farmers can mix three risk reduction strategies: product diversification, investment in product quality (biosafety), and development of off-farm income opportunities, to mitigate the adverse effects of significant animal disease risk. With our findings we aim to provide a basis for complementary policies that promote smallholder viability while achieving risk reduction, an approach that increases both individual and economywide welfare.