Droughts are typical in Pakistan as in most of southwest Asia and continue causing multiple adverse impacts. This study is a part of the Regional Project on “Drought Assessment and Potential for Mitigation in Southwest Asia,” which is being implemented by IWMI in collaboration with regional partners and which is aimed to review the current status of drought-related issues and measures in Pakistan. This paper reviews factors affecting, or associated with, droughts, focusing on the target areas (Baluchistan and Sindh provinces), identifying gaps in the institutional and policy arenas with recommendations for remedial measures, providing analysis of coping strategies adopted by stakeholders in mitigating droughts, and documenting lessons gained during previous drought cycles.