This paper summarizes the main findings of a workshop, identifies areas of “convergence,” takes stock of lessons learned to date from the reform experiences, and notes major issues in institutional design and knowledge. 4 The workshop focused on the approaches that have emerged since attention turned from an exclusive focus on public funding and delivery of services. In reality, none of the approaches discussed are new, and, in fact, many have been applied for many years (e.g., contracting extension in Denmark). Within the context of workshop deliberations on developing country experience, the approaches have only been piloted and in a few cases widely applied in recent years.